Energy efficiency of mobile handsets: Measuring user attitudes and behavior

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. His research interests are related to energy efficiency of mobile devices and services, fixed-mobile substitution, and mobile usage measurements. In 2010, he was visiting the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Before returning to academia he spent almost 25 years at Nokia Research Center working on a variety of topics related to mobile applications and services. His current interests are mobile computing, peer-to-peer applications, and the energy-efficiency of distributed solutions. He received his M.Sc. His research interests include diffusion, adoption, and usage of mobile devices and services, and techno-economic modeling of mobile network and industry architectures. After an industry career he has developed the mobile Internet related research and teaching at the Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering since 2003. His research interests cover the economics of radio access networks, Internet architectures and protocols, and mobile services. Abstract The purpose of this research is to understand the behavior and expectations of mobile handset users towards energy consumption. We analyze mobile handset monitoring traces from subsequent years with N=253 and N=105, and questionnaire studies with N=155 and N=150. The data allows us to study both the actual behavior of the users and their explicit attitudes, expectations, and experiences. Additional difference to prior work is the use of longitudinal data from multiple years and a user sample that is much larger than in earlier studies. We present hypotheses drawn both from literature and from our own experience, and use the datasets to support or refute them. Our results indicate that mobile device users need more detailed and clearer information of the battery status and energy consumption. Moreover, users want to understand how different applications and services affect the energy consumption and to learn what they can do to control it.